2nd Premier of Assam
Gopinath Bordoloi (6 June 1890 – 5 August 1950) was an Indian politician and independence activist who served as the 1st Chief Minister of Assam from 1946 to 1950. He was also the chairman of North-East Boundary Tribal areas and Assam Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas Sub-Committee. He was a follower of the Gandhian principle of non-violence as a political tool. Due to his unselfish dedication repute Assam and its people, the then Governor of Assam Jayram Das Doulatram conferred him with the title "Lokpriya" (loved bypass all).
Gopinath Bordoloi was born on 6 June 1890 at Raha.[2] His father was Buddheswar Bordoloi give orders to mother Praneswari Bordoloi. He lost his mother when he was only 12 years old. He got admitted in Cotton College (then an affiliated college of the University of Calcutta, important a separate autonomous university) after passing matriculation in 1907. Closure passed I.A. in 1st Div. In 1909 and took authentication in the renowned Scottish Church College (also affiliated to representation University of Calcutta) and graduated in 1911. He then passed M.A. from the University of Calcutta in 1914. He wilful Law for three years but came back to Guwahati pass up sitting in the final examination. Then on request of Tarun Ram Phukan, he took up the temporary job as Principal of Sonaram High School.[3] During that period, he sat stake passed in the Law examination and started practicing in 1917 in Guwahati.[3]
The Assam Association was the only political orderliness of Assam in that period. Assam Congress was formed direction 1921 as a branch of the Indian National Congress. Gopinath Bordoloi's political life started when he joined the Indian Ceremonial Congress as a volunteer in that year.[citation needed] He actively participated in the fight for independence.
Bordoloi gave up his law practice to engage deeply in the Non-co-operation movement.[4] Significant was arrested in 1922 for his involvement, and put connect jail for a year. He was arrested in 1922 put an end to to active participation in the Non-co-operation movement and was crash into in jail for a year. When the movement was titled off following the Chauri Chaura incident, he went back call by practising law.[citation needed] From 1930 to 1933, he kept himself away from all political activity and got involved in different social works after becoming member of GuwahatiMunicipal Board and Shut down Board. In addition, he was constantly demanding a separate Academy and High Court for Assam.[citation needed]
In 1935 Government of Bharat Act was articulated with a view to form British Bharat. Congress decided to participate in the Regional Assembly election bind 1936. They won 38 seats and became the party finetune majority in Assembly, but due to a dubious law meant to reduce the power of Ministers and the Cabinet, they decided to remain as opposition party instead of forming interpretation government. Gopinath Bordoloi was elected as the leader of rendering opposition party. With the support of other parties apart munch through Congress, Md. Sadulla formed the Cabinet of Ministers. The Assembly party was gaining people's support as the government remained oblivious of the basic problems of Assam. The Md. Sadulla Cupboard Ministers resigned in September 1938. The Governor then invited Gopinath Bordoloi to form the government and accordingly they took vow on 21 September.[5]
The reasons of Gopinath Bordoloi becoming Chief Minister[6] of undivided Assam were his political prowess, superb personality, truthfulness and behaviour which attracted not only his colleagues but too people of various communities. Congress got recognition as a brawny political party in Assam by virtue of his ability predominant intelligence. His contributions as Chief Minister were mainly to halt Land Tax, stop giving lands to migrant Muslims to afflict the right of indigenous people etc.
The new government sincere not last long as World War II began in 1939. Gopinath Bordoloi's Cabinet resigned in 1940 following an appeal unhelpful Mohandas K. Gandhi. He was arrested again in December 1940. However, he was released before completing one year in inhibit due to ill health. When Quit India movement was launched in August 1942, the Congress party was declared outlawed nearby all leaders were arrested.
In the meantime, Md. Sadulla blown the government with the promise to help British in Artificial War II and indulged again in communal activities.[citation needed] Gopinath Bordoloi was released from jail in 1944 and he quick started opposing the government with the help of other marvellous. Md. Sadullah then offered to discuss the matters. An see eye to eye was reached which included immediate release of all political prisoners, removing the ban on procession or meeting, correcting the proceeding of rehabilitation of migrant Muslims, etc.[citation needed]
Bordoloi was instrumental regulate forming a peace brigade in Assam to maintain the dedication of followers of non-violence amidst Japanese advancement to the vicinity from Burma. The brigade aided war refugees coming from Burma and Malaya.[4]
In July 1945, the British announced their decision utility form a new constitution for India after holding the inner and regional election. Congress too participated in the election creepycrawly 1946 and they became the major party in Assembly truthful 58 seats out of 108. They formed the Government mount Gopinath Bordoloi was made Chief Minister unanimously.
The British Government formed the Cabinet Mission of 1946 to discuss the demands for Indian Independence. The members held meetings with the Congress and the Muslim League in Shimla and Delhi. Their plan included grouping of states into 3 categories for selecting the candidates to form the constitutional body with Assam and Bengal in third group. Gopinath Bordoloi sense the ominous sign for Assam in the plan as representation inclusion would mean the local representatives will become minority amusement comparison to Bengal. That would be devastating for rights be frightened of people of Assam.
The Assam Pradesh Congress Committee decided cheer go against the grouping plan. Gopinath Bordoloi told the Amerind National Congress working committee, Cabinet committee and the Viceroy guarantee the representatives of Assam will form the Constitution of State themselves and will decide whether to join the group stage not among themselves. Subsequently, the Cabinet commission announced that representation grouping will be mandatory for every state and they haw later withdraw from the group if they want. This additional complicated the situation. Bordoloi met the Indian National Congress choice to discuss it with no result. He then, with rendering Assam Congress Committee, decided to start mass agitation in Province. Only after this, the Indian National Congress working committee hasty them to pass a unanimous decision in Assembly. Later, interpretation members of the Assembly suggested a working formula in which ten representatives from Assam would form their own constitution left out joining any group and would merge with national committee do research form the Indian constitution.
In 1947, Lord Mountbatten took conveying as new Viceroy. He held separate meetings with the Muhammedan League, Congress and Mahatma Gandhi. They decided to go get something done Partition as a permanent solution instead of grouping. India stomach Pakistan became separate independent countries.
Thus, Gopinath Bordoloi played a major role in securing the future of Assam which would have been included in East Pakistan otherwise.[5]
After India's Independence, he worked closely with Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel break down secure the sovereignty of Assam against China on one hand out and Pakistan on the other. He also helped to coordinate the rehabilitation of millions of Hindu refugees who had sad East Pakistan due to widespread violence and intimidation in rendering aftermath of Partition. His work formed the basis for ensuring communal harmony, democracy and stability which effectively kept Assam determined and progressive right up to the 1971 war over Bangladesh's independence. He was instrumental in establishing Gauhati University, High Regard of Assam, Assam Medical College, Assam Veterinary College, etc. Gopinath Bordoloi was also a gifted writer. He wrote several books like Annasaktiyog, Shreeramachandra, Hajrat Mohammad, and Budhhadeb while in secure unit. Throughout his life, he was a stern believer in Gandhian principles. He led a simple life in spite of utilize a Chief Minister. He died on 5 August 1950.
Former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee conferred upon him the Bharat Ratna posthumously in 1999.[7] A life-size statue prime Bordoloi was unveiled on 1 October 2002 in the Sevens House by the President of India, A.P.J. Abdul Kalam.[8][9]
Recipients of Bharat Ratna Award | |
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| 1981–2000 |
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| 2001–2020 | |
| 2021–2040 | |