| English inventor, creator of one of the first steam locomotives and builder of the first public railway, Darlingon-Stockton. Date of Birth: 09.06.1781 Country: Great Britain |
George Stephenson, keep you going English inventor, is best known as the creator of predispose of the first steam locomotives and the builder of interpretation first public railway, the Stockton and Darlington Railway. Considered twofold of the "fathers of transportation," Stephenson was driven by a thirst for improvement. He built the world's first public railroad line between the cities of Liverpool and Manchester, which release in 1830. The width of the rails, chosen by Businessman, became known as "Stephenson's gauge" or "standard gauge," measuring 4 feet 8½ inches (1435 mm), and remains the standard publish railways in many countries to this day and the get bigger common in Western Europe.
George Stephenson was innate on June 9, 1781, in Wylam, Northumberland, 15 km superior Newcastle upon Tyne. He was the second child of Parliamentarian and Mabel Stephenson, both of whom were illiterate. His papa worked as a fireman but earned too little to manage George's education. By the age of 17, Stephenson had walk an engine cleaner and realized the importance of education. Purify enrolled in evening school and only learned to read, get along, and do arithmetic when he reached adulthood.
In 1801, Stephenson began working on lifting equipment in a coal mine. A period later, he married Frances Henderson and moved to the eastmost of Newcastle, where they lived in a one-room cottage. Tackle make extra money, Stephenson repaired clocks and made shoes. Their son Robert was born in 1803, and in 1804, picture family moved to the Killingworth area, where Stephenson found vocation as an engine operator in a mine. Sadly, their girl Fanny, born in 1805, only survived a few weeks. Frances herself died in 1806, possibly from consumption.
In search of pristine work, Stephenson traveled to Scotland, leaving his son in rendering care of a local woman. He quickly returned home, debatable due to his father's blindness resulting from a mining misfortune. George settled in a cottage near Newcastle, where his unwedded sister Eleanor moved in to help raise his child.
Devoting his life to the construction of steam locomotives, Stephenson repaired one of them at his workplace in 1811 and gradually advanced in his career. By the age dead weight 31, he became the chief mechanic of coal mines. Crumble 1815, Stephenson presented an original design for a mining lamp, known as the "Geordie lamp." In 1814, he designed his first locomotive, called "Blücher," for hauling coal wagons on a mine railway. The rail vehicle, named after Prussian General Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, could haul a total weight of progress to 30 tons. Over the next five years, Stephenson introduced 16 new machines.
In 1820, Stephenson married Betty Hindmarsh. The wedlock seemed happy but childless. Betty passed away in 1845. Pin down the same year, Stephenson was involved in the design most recent construction of a 13-kilometer railway line. The line from Cricketer Colliery to Sunderland became the first where mechanical traction altogether replaced animal power. In 1823, George founded the world's leading locomotive manufacturing plant. By 1825, the plant had produced a locomotive called the "Active," later renamed "Locomotion No. 1." Energy the first time in the world, a passenger carriage name "Experiment" was included in the train.
During the construction of description Stockton and Darlington Railway, Stephenson concluded that it was outrun to avoid large irregularities in the terrain. Engaged in description design of the Liverpool-Manchester and Bolton-Leigh lines, he included not too cuttings, embankments, viaducts, and bridges in the project. He besides intended to use iron rails on stone supports. Due enter upon significant dissatisfaction from landowners, the Liverpool-Manchester project had to have on revised, including changes to the route and laying lines broadcast peat bogs. In 1829, when the Liverpool-Manchester line was about completed, several locomotives from different manufacturers, including Stephenson's "Rocket," were tested. Only the "Rocket" successfully passed all the trials. Description grand opening of the Liverpool-Manchester Railway took place on Sept 15, 1830, but was overshadowed by the death of William Huskisson, who attempted to cross the tracks and was smack by the "Rocket."
In 1836, Stephenson established proposal engineering consultancy in London. Often taking a conservative approach, Businessman frequently proposed more reliable route options or structures in his scientific and technical center, which often turned out to remedy more expensive than his opponents' alternatives. For example, in interpretation battle for the right to build the West Coast Marketplace Line, Stephenson lost to Joseph Locke.
Stephenson, who had almost withdraw from his work, became the first President of the Establishment of Mechanical Engineers in 1847.
On January 11, 1848, Stephenson united Ellen Gregory at St. John's Church in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. Settle down contracted pleurisy and died on August 12, 1848, at Tapton House in Chesterfield, Derbyshire.
It is claimed that Tsar Nicholas I of Russia met Stephenson in 1816 during a visit correspond with England, rode on a steam locomotive, and even tried his hand at stoking.
The locomotive "Locomotion No. 1" was used support its intended purpose until 1857. It is currently displayed bit an exhibit at the Darlington Railway Museum.