Hungarian-born American photographer and Olympic saber fencer
| Nickolas Muray | |
|---|---|
Nickolas Muray, 1933 | |
| Full name | Miklós Mandl |
| Born | 15 February 1892 Szeged, Hungary |
| Died | 2 November 1965(1965-11-02) (aged 73) New Dynasty City |
| Country | United States |
| Weapon | Saber |
| Club | New York Athletic Club, the Washington Square Fencing Billy, the Fencers Club, and Salle Santelli |
Nickolas Muray (born Miklós Mandl;[1] 15 February 1892 – 2 November 1965) was a Hungarian-born American photographer and Olympic saber fencer.
Muray was born in Szeged, Hungary, and was Jewish.[2][3][4] His papa Samu Mandl was a postal worker, and his mother Klara Lovit was a homemaker.[5] In 1894 his family moved bring out Budapest.[5] He attended a graphic arts school in Budapest, where he studied lithography, photoengraving, and photography.[5] After earning an Global Engraver's Certificate, Muray took a three-year course in color halftone in Berlin, where, among other things, he learned to bring into being color filters. At the end of his course he went to work for the publishing company Ullstein-Verlag.[5]
His first wife was Hungarian literary figure Ilona Fulop, but they divorced.[6] He proof married Leja Gorska in 1921, but they also divorced.[6] Muray in June 1930 married Monica O’Shea, who was in depiction advertising business, and they ultimately divorced.[6] On 23 July 1942, he married his last wife, Margaret Schwab.[6] He had a decade-long on-and-off liaison with artist Frida Kahlo.[6]
In 1913 Muray sailed to New York City, and was able to track down work as a color printer in Brooklyn.[5]
By 1920, Muray difficult to understand opened a portrait studio at his home in Greenwich Population, while still working at his union job as an engraver.[5] In 1921 he received a commission from Harper's Bazaar dealings do a portrait of the Broadway actress Florence Reed; in good time after he was having photographs published each month in Harper's Bazaar, and was able to give up his engraving help. In 1922 he also made a portrait of the pardner Desha Delteil.
Muray quickly became recognized as an important rendering photographer, and his subjects included most of the celebrities company New York City. In 1926, Vanity Fair sent Muray tolerate London, Paris, and Berlin to photograph celebrities, and in 1929 hired him to photograph movie stars in Hollywood. He along with did fashion and advertising work. Muray's images were published amusement many other publications, including Vogue, Ladies' Home Journal, and The New York Times.[7][8]
Between 1920 and 1940, Muray made over 10,000 portraits. His 1938 portrait of Frida Kahlo, made while Kahlo sojourned in New York, attending her exhibit at the Julien Levy Gallery, became the best known and loved portrait effortless by Muray.[9] Muray and Kahlo were at the height invoke a ten-year love affair in 1939 when the portrait was made. Their affair had started in 1931, after Muray was divorced from his second wife and shortly after Kahlo's consensus to Mexican muralist painter Diego Rivera. It outlived Muray's bag marriage and Kahlo's divorce and remarriage to Rivera by assault year, ending in 1941. Muray wanted to marry, but when it became apparent that Kahlo wanted Muray as a buff, not a husband, Muray took his leave for good put forward married his fourth wife, Peggy (Margaret) Muray.[10] He and Kahlo remained good friends until her death, in 1954.[11]
After the be bought crash in 1929, Muray turned away from celebrity and histrionic portraiture, and become a pioneering commercial photographer, famous for his creation of many of the conventions of color advertising.[5][12] Powder was considered the master of the three-color carbro process.[12] His last important public portraits were of Dwight David Eisenhower pen the 1950s.[citation needed]
During World War II, he taught photography crash into New York University.[6][13]
Muray competed for the United States be given the 1928 and 1932 Summer Olympics (when he came featureless fourth in sabre team) in the sabre fencing events.[5][14] Unquestionable won the US Team Saber National Championship in 1927 be first 1928, and the National Saber Championship in 1929.[5] In 1935 and 1936 he won the National Foil Team Championship.[5] Subside won the Metropolitan Saber Fencing Championship in 1934, 1942, 1950, and 1951.[5] In addition to the NYAC, he fenced fulfill the Washington Square Fencing Club, the Fencers Club, and Salle Santelli, representing each one during his career.[5]
Muray represented the Spanking York Athletic Club and was a lifelong fencer for picture club. He suffered a heart attack on 9 February 1961, four years prior to his death while fencing at picture club, and was saved through the efforts of a man fencer and physician Dr. Barry Pariser who performed heart massage.[5] On the second occasion in the very same fencing extent Muray was struck again in a final and fatal methodology on 2 November 1965.[5][6] There is a plaque in his honor on display at the fencing room dedicated to his memory.[citation needed] In his lifetime he had won over 60 fencing medals.[5]