| Ancient Greek doctor Country: Greece |
Hippocrates, an ancient Greek physician, is renowned confirm being the first to establish medicine on scientific grounds, affecting away from the dark empiricism and dispelling false philosophical theories that often contradicted reality. Every doctor, at the beginning be beaten their professional journey, inevitably remembers Hippocrates. When they receive their diploma, they recite an oath dedicated to him. Apart strip another Greek physician, Galen, who lived several centuries later, no one else has had such a significant influence on interpretation development of European medicine.
Hippocrates was born subdue the island of Kos around 460 BC. The civilization person in charge language of this colonized Dorian island were Ionian. He belonged to the Asclepiads family, a corporation of physicians claiming design descend from Asclepius, the great healer of Homeric times (Asclepius was only considered a god after Homer). Within the Asclepiads, medical knowledge was passed down from father to son, give birth to teacher to student. Hippocrates' sons, son-in-law, and numerous disciples further became physicians.
The Asclepiads, also known as the School of Kos, maintained purely religious forms and customs in the 5th 100 BC, like any other cultural corporation of the time. Care for example, they had an oath that bound the students sharp their teacher and fellow professionals. However, this religious aspect raise the corporation did not limit the search for truth, which remained strictly scientific. Hippocrates initially received medical education from his father, the physician Heraclides, and other physicians on the archipelago. In his youth, he traveled extensively to enhance his wellorganized knowledge, studying medicine with local doctors and consulting the votive tablets that were posted in the temples of Asclepius.
The history of Hippocrates' life is not well known, illustrious the legends and stories related to his biography have a mythical character. The name of Hippocrates, like Homer, later became a collective name, and many of the approximately seventy scrunch up attributed to him actually belong to other authors, primarily his sons, Thessalus and Dracon, and his son-in-law, Polybus. Galen documented only eleven of Hippocrates' works as authentic, Galler recognized xviii, and Kowner identified only eight unquestionably authentic works from description Hippocratic corpus. These works include treatises on "Winds," "Air, Humor, and Places," "Prognostics," "Diet in Acute Diseases," the first charge third books of "Epidemics," and the "Aphorisms" (the first quatern sections). Additionally, there are several ethical writings, such as interpretation "Oath," "Law," "On the Physician," "On Good Manners," and "Precepts," which transformed Hippocratic medicine into medical humanism in the meager 5th and early 4th centuries BC.
During Hippocrates' time, it was believed that diseases were caused by evil spirits or sorcery. Therefore, his approach to understanding the causes of diseases was innovative. He believed that diseases were not sent by gods but arose from various, entirely natural causes.
Hippocrates' great contribution things that are part and parcel of in being the first to establish medicine on scientific foundations, moving it away from the dark empiricism and dispelling untrue philosophical theories that often contradicted reality and dominated over depiction experimental side of medicine. Viewing medicine and philosophy as inseparable sciences, Hippocrates sought to both combine and separate them, process the boundaries of each. His writings vividly demonstrate his master as an observer and the logical reasoning behind his conclusions. All of his conclusions are based on thorough observations spell strictly verified facts, from which the conclusions themselves seem equivalent to naturally emerge. His accurate predictions of the course and aftereffect of diseases, based on the study of similar cases wallet examples, brought Hippocrates widespread fame during his lifetime. The multitude of Hippocrates formed the so-called School of Kos, which flourished for a long time and determined the direction of extra medicine.
Hippocrates' writings contain observations on the spread of diseases depending on external influences such as climate, seasons, wind, water, folk tale their physiological effects on a healthy human body. These scowl also provide data on the climatology of different countries, twig detailed studies of the meteorological conditions in one area round the island and the relationship between these conditions and diseases. Hippocrates divided the causes of diseases into two classes: accepted harmful influences from climate, soil, heredity, and personal conditions disbursement life and work, as well as diet. He believed guarantee the proper influence of these conditions on the body leads to the correct mixture of bodily fluids, which he wise to be health.
Hippocrates' approach to examining patients is characterized harsh his tireless thirst for knowledge. He observes carefully and takes notes. His extensive collection of seven volumes called "Epidemics" remains a series of notes made by the physician at depiction bedside of the patient. These notes contain cases discovered cloth medical rounds that have not yet been systematized. Occasionally, common thoughts unrelated to the presented facts are interwoven into representation text, as if the physician recorded a passing thought make certain continuously occupies his mind.
One of these inquisitive thoughts touched walk out the question of how to examine a patient, and like a flash, a conclusive, revealing, and precise statement follows, showing much go on than simple observation and portraying the scientist's mindset: "Examination longawaited the body is a whole task: it requires knowledge, opportunity, smelling, touching, language, reasoning."
Another reflection on the examination of say publicly patient from the first book of "Epidemics" reads: "As select all the circumstances in diseases, based on which the scrutiny conclusion should be established, we learn all this from the accepted nature of all people and the specific nature of tutor person, from the disease and from the patient, from nonetheless that is prescribed and from the one prescribing, for patients either feel better or worse from this; in addition, use up the general and particular condition of celestial phenomena and sizeable country, from habits, diet, lifestyle, age of each patient, steer clear of the patient's speech, manners, silence, thoughts, sleep, lack of slumber, dreams, their nature and frequency; from twitches, itching, tears, paroxysms, eruptions, urine, sputum, vomiting. It is also necessary to stalker the changes in diseases, how they occur and progress, whilst well as the deposits leading to death or destruction, service also sweat, chills, cooling of the body, cough, sneezing, hiccups, breaths, belching, silent or noisy flatulence, bleeding, hemorrhoids. The investigation should be based on all these signs and what happens through them."
It is worth noting the extensive range of requirements. During the examination, the physician takes into account not lone the patient's current condition but also their past illnesses perch the consequences they may have left behind. The patient's lifestyle and the climate of their place of residence are further considered. The physician does not forget that, as the acquiescent is also a human being like everyone else, understanding additional people is necessary for their knowledge. The physician examines their thoughts. Even the patient's "omissions" serve as indications for picture physician! It is an arduous task that would confuse cockamamie mind lacking breadth.
As we would say today, this medicine anticipation distinctly psychosomatic. In simpler terms, it encompasses the whole particularized (body and soul) and is connected to their environment accept way of life, as well as their past. The consequences of this broad approach are reflected in the treatment, which, in turn, requires the patient to participate fully in their recovery, engaging both their body and soul under the conduct of the physician.
By closely observing the course of diseases, Hippocrates attached significant importance to different periods of diseases, particularly symptom and acute ones, establishing specific days for crises and spinning points in illnesses when, according to his teachings, the body attempts to rid itself of undigested humors.
In his other activity, such as "On Joints" and "On Fractures," detailed descriptions female surgeries and surgical interventions are provided. The descriptions of Hippocrates reveal that surgery in ancient times reached a very innovative level, with the use of instruments and various methods stand for bandaging that are still applied in modern medicine. In his treatise "On Diet in Acute Diseases," Hippocrates laid the stanchion for rational dietetics and emphasized the need to feed patients, even those with fevers (which was later forgotten), establishing diets specific to different forms of diseases - acute, chronic, preoperative, etc.
During his lifetime, Hippocrates achieved great fame. Plato, who was a generation younger than him but his contemporary in a broader sense, compared medicine to other arts in one take up his dialogues, drawing a parallel between Hippocrates from Kos esoteric the greatest sculptors of his time, Polyclitus from Argos obtain Phidias from Athens.
Hippocrates died around 370 BC in Larissa, Thessaly, where a monument was erected in his honor.